Batch Normalization

Implement the batch normalization forward pass.

Signature: def batchnorm_forward(x: np.ndarray, gamma: np.ndarray, beta: np.ndarray, eps: float = 1e-5) -> np.ndarray

Normalize across the batch dimension (axis=0), then scale by gamma and shift by beta.

Example:

• Input shape: (2, 3)
• gamma: [1, 1, 1], beta: [0, 0, 0]